The line between fashion and function is blurring further with the development of solar cell fabrics—textiles embedded with photovoltaic elements that generate electricity from sunlight. From outdoor sportswear to military uniforms and refugee shelters, the applications of energy-harvesting garments are expanding rapidly.
These smart fabrics incorporate flexible, lightweight solar modules laminated or woven directly into the fabric. Innovations in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have enabled fabrics that are washable, breathable, and capable of producing up to 200 mW of power per square meter.
For example, a jacket fitted with solar panels can charge a smartphone in four hours of sunlight—particularly useful for remote or off-grid environments. Military forces and first responders are testing solar backpacks and vests that power communication devices and sensors.
In the commercial sector, startups like Soliyarn and Powerweave are working on athleisure garments that integrate energy storage, GPS tracking, and temperature regulation. These products target adventure athletes, logistics workers, and tech-savvy consumers.
For the textile industry, solar fabrics also open doors to a new revenue stream: “functional fashion.” Apparel brands are now exploring capsule collections featuring solar accessories, charging pouches, and commuter-friendly wearables.
Challenges remain, particularly in durability, affordability, and aesthetic integration. However, advances in printable solar inks and stretchable circuit design are addressing these hurdles. Researchers are also developing biodegradable solar materials to avoid adding to e-waste.
Solar fabric development aligns with wider goals of decentralizing energy access and reducing dependence on non-renewables. For apparel factories and brands focused on ESG innovation, investing in solar wearables may prove both marketable and mission-aligned.
